Gushyira mu bikorwa ether ether ni byinshi, kandi iterambere rusange ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu rizatwara mu buryo butaziguye inganda za selile. Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa rya selile ether mu Bushinwa ryibanze cyane mu nganda nk'ibikoresho byo kubaka, gucukura amavuta n'ubuvuzi. Hamwe no gusaba no guteza imbere selile ether muyindi mirima, icyifuzo cya selile ether muri dowresties zizagenda vuba.
Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyongereye ishoramari mu kubaka umutungo bidaharanira inyungu n'iterambere ry'ingufu, ndetse no kubaka mu mijyi yo mu mijyi, ndetse no kwiyongera mu mijyi mu miturire, ubuzima bwabo bwose buzagira ingaruka nziza kuri selile y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, inganda zo gucukura amavuta n'indangabi. Gukura kw'inganda bitanga gukurura bitaziguye. Ibicuruzwa bya HPMC bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu cyane cyane muburyo bwinyongera, bityo HPMC ifite ibiranga imikoreshereze ya kabiri kandi itatanye, kandi kumanuka abakoresha barangije cyane cyane kugura cyane cyane. Ukurikije ibiranga abakoresha amaherezo batatanye ku isoko, kugurisha ibicuruzwa bya HPMC ahanini bafata icyitegererezo cy'abacuruzi.
Ibicuruzwa bya PAC bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zo gucukura amavuta no gukora. Abakiriya ni ibigo binini bya peteroli nka petrochina, Sinopec, na cnooc. Ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe cyane cyane.
1. Imiterere yisoko
(1)Inganda zubwubatsi
Isoko ryimbere mu gihugu Inganda zubwubatsi ni murwego rwo gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya HPMC, bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugushingiraho, gufunga hejuru, gushira amabati no kubikongeraho minisiteri. By'umwihariko, kuvanga na HPMC nkeya muri sima yubutaka burashobora kongera virubahiri, kugumana amazi, kunoza ikirere no kunoza cyane imikorere ihuza, kandi irwanya cyane Fartar, minisiteri, no kugikora. Imbaraga zamakimbirane n'ikigoshesha, bityo utezimbere imikorere yubwubatsi yibikoresho byubwubatsi, kunoza ubuziranenge bwubwubatsi nubushobozi bwo kubaka amashini. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe cyo gukora no gutwara abantu batungo ry'ubucuruzi, HPMC ni umucuruzi w'ingenzi, ugira uruhare runini mu kuzamura imitekerereze no kugumana amazi. Kugeza ubu, HPMC nicyo gicuruzwa nyamukuru cya kallulose cya ether gikoreshwa mukubaka ibikoresho bya kashe.
Inganda zubwubatsi ni inganda zikomeye zo mu nkingi z'igihugu cyanjye. Kuva mu 2007 kugeza 2013, agaciro ko gusenya ibikorwa by'ubwubatsi mu gihugu cyanjye byiyongereye kuva kuri tiriyari 51 kugeza kuri miriyoni 15.93. Ubuso bwubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwimiturire bwiyongereye buva kuri metero kare ya miliyari 4,82 kugeza kuri miliyari 11. Dukurikije gahunda ya "cumi na kabiri", hashyizweho umusaruro wose w'inganda z'igihugu ziziyongera ku birenga 15% buri mwaka.
Mu myaka yashize, nubwo igihugu cyanjye cyo kugenzura no kurwanya ingufu z'iminsi y'ubucuruzi byagize ingaruka ku nganda zubwubatsi, isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa riracyakomeza iterambere rihamye. Kuva mu 2007 kugeza 2013, ahantu hashya hatangiye amasosiyete y'iterambere ry'umutungo utimukanwa wiyongereye kuva kuri metero kare 95 kugeza 2013, umubare w'iterambere ry'umwaka wa 2013, umubare w'iterambere ry'umwaka wa 2013, igipimo cy'amajyambere y'iterambere ry'uko giciro gishya cyatangiye 19.54%.
Ugushyingo 2012, Leta yavuze neza ko imibavu yo mu cyaro igomba kuba umurimo w'ingenzi mu kuzamura ireme ry'imijyi. Mu mwaka wa 2011, igipimo cy'imijyi yo mu mijyi ni 51.27%, cyari kiri munsi kuruta igipimo cy'imijyi ya 70-80% mu bihugu byateye imbere. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryimijyi yo mu cyaro mu gihugu cyanjye izazana umwanya munini wo gutera imbere no kubaka izindi nganda zijyanye. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ikomeye mu bikorwa remezo n'imitungo itimukanwa, kimwe n'ibipimo nini itangira kandi bitanga kandi imbaraga zihagije zo gukura kw'inganda z'ubwubatsi. Nk'uko gahunda ya Minisiteri y'imiturire n'iterambere ry'icyaro-wo mu mijyi mu gihe cya "Chensiya ya Chessing mu myaka itanu, kuva mu 2011, igihugu cyanjye kizubaka iminsi mikuru y'imiturire.
Icyiciro cya farumasi cy '"2012-2019 rw'Ubushinwa ether Gukurikirana Isoko n'ishoramari Procipment Raporo" yashyizwe ahagaragara n'inganda z'ubushinwa. Ibisabwa bifitanye isano rya bugufi. Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2013, Umusaruro w'igihugu cyanjye wiyongereye kuva muri miliyari 1.3833 kuri miliyari 2.404; Umusaruro uhirangwa ku bucuruzi wiyongereye kuva kuri miliyoni 294 za Cubic kuri metero 1.143.
Hamwe no kwibanda ku kurengera ibidukikije mu mijyi, amashami ajyanye n'iterambere ry'igihugu n'iterambere ry'igihugu, Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi, na Minisiteri y'iterambere ry'imijyi n'iterambere ry'icyaro byatangaje kandi bitangajwe n'imirongo ishingiye ku mikoreshereze ya beto y'ubucuruzi. Nk'uko byatangajwe na guverinoma "kubimenyesha kuvana kuri minisiteri mumijyi imwe n'imwe mugihe ntarengwa", guhera ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2009, beto yubucuruzi bigomba gukoreshwa mumijyi 127 ikomeye mu mijyi 127 minini yo mu mijyi 127 ikomeye hose mu mijyi 127. Muri iki gihe, mu gihugu kirenga 300 mu mijyi irenze 300 byatangije politiki ijyanye no gukoresha beto y'ubucuruzi. Hamwe no guteza imbere byihuse beto y'ubucuruzi, isoko rya HPMC naryo rizakura vuba.
Ubudodo bwa Cellulose ni ibicuruzwa byiza bya shimi, kandi inganda zishingiye ku gice zidafite imibare iboneye kandi nziza. Inganda zubwubatsi nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gusaba ibicuruzwa bya HPMC muri selire. Dukurikije amakuru yo gukura kuva mu 2007 kugeza 2013, ihujwe na gahunda y'iterambere ry'umwaka mu myaka itanu ".
Isoko mpuzamahanga
Duhereye ku isi, ubukungu buvangwa bwihutisha imijyi no kubaka ibikorwa remezo biterwa n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bwihuse. Fata Ubuhinde nk'urugero. Kubera ko ubukungu mu bihugu by'ubukungu bifite igipimo cyiterambere ry'ubukungu mu Bushinwa ndetse n'igihugu gifite abaturage ba kabiri ku isi, igipimo cyacyo mu mwaka wa 2010 cyari 30.1% gusa. Mu mwaka wa 2012, hamenyekanye, hamenyekane ikigo kizwi mpuzamahanga kizwi cyane, cyahanuye ko mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, kungukirwa n'imijyi nini-minini mu gihe cy'inganda zigendanwa zizarenga kure y'ibihugu byateye imbere. Ibihugu, urugero rw'inganda z'ubwubatsi ku isi mu masoko zigaragara ziziyongera kugera kuri tiriyari 6.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika, y'isoko mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bizakura na 36%. Iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda zubaka mu Buhinde, muri Berezile, Afurika y'Epfo, Uburusiya, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya no mu bindi bihugu no mu bindi bihugu no mu tundi bihugu bizatanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ubugari bw'igihugu cyanjye.
(2)Inganda zo gucumura amavuta
Muburyo bwo gucukura amavuta, gucukura amazi (bizwi kandi nka "gucukura icyondo") bigira uruhare runini mu gutwara no guhagarika urukuta rwiza, gukonja no gukonja n'ibikoresho byo gucukura, no kohereza ibikoresho bya hydraulic. Kubwibyo, gukomeza ubushuhe bukwiye, vinosiya, amazi nibindi bipimo byerekana amazi yo gucukura nibyingenzi byo gucukura amavuta. Nkumubyimba, imiterere yuburyo hamwe no kugabanya amazi no gucukura amazi, PAC ikiga inshingano zo kubyimba, gusiga drill bit, hanyuma ugahindura imbogamizi bito, hanyuma wanduza hydrodynamic. Kubera itandukaniro rinini mubihe bya geologiya mukarere ka peteroli, biragoye gucukura neza mubice bifite ibihe bigoye bya geologiya, kandi gukoresha PAC byiyongereye kandi byiyongereye cyane.
Isoko ryubwubatsi b'amavuta rishingiye ku isoko ry'inganda zishyigikira ubushakashatsi ku isi kandi rishingiye ku iterambere, kandi rirenga 40% by'ishoramari ku isi kandi rikoreshwa mu mikorere yo gucukura peteroli. Ingano ya serivisi yisi yose yari miliyari 121.3 z'amadolari yo mu 2007, kandi ivugwa ko ari miliyari 262 z'amadolari muri 2013. Inganda zigenda ziyongera mu gihugu cyanjye, kandi inganda z'ubuhanga za peteroli zateye vuba. Mu masosiyete atatu ya peteroli mu gihugu cyanjye, Perrochina afite ibigo by'ubwubatsi n'amasosiyete ya tekinike nko gucumura mu burengerazuba, gukomera kw'urukuta runini, gushimisha Bohai, no gucukura kwa Bohai. Ubucuruzi bwayo bukubiyemo imirima minini yo murugo hamwe namavuta ya peteroli. Gutezimbere imirima yamavuta muri Afrika yuburasirazuba no muburasirazuba bwo hagati birashobora kwibasirwa nimpinduka mubibazo bya politiki byaho, hanyuma bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze y'ibicuruzwa bya PAC; Sinopec na cnooc byibanda cyane ku iterambere rya peteroli yo murugo, kandi icyifuzo cya PAS kirahagaze neza.
Kuva mu 2007 kugeza 2013, amafaranga y'amavuta y'igihugu yiyongereye kuva muri miliyoni 369 kugeza kuri toni 498. Nk'uko imibare ya raporo yumwaka ya Petrochina, Sinopec, na Cnooc, kuva mu 2007 kugeza 2013, ubushakashatsi n'amahoro yakoreshejwe muri miliyari eshatu byiyongereye kuva kuri Miliyari 211..403. Amafaranga yaguye.
Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyanjye kireba peteroli n'amavuta ya offshore mu karere k'iburengerazuba kugira ngo yibande ku iterambere rya peteroli, kandi yongera gukoresha peteroli. Bitewe nibisabwa bisanzwe bya geologiya yibya peteroli yavuzwe haruguru, ingano yubuhanga bwo gucukura ni kinini, kandi gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya PAC nabyo biriyongera. Igihugu cyanjye "Petroleum n'inganda z'imiti" cya cumi na kabiri "Gahunda y'iterambere" iteganya ko inganda za peteroli ziziyongera 10% mu gihe cyo kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2015, izateza imbere imikurire y'isoko gusaba PAC.
(3)Ibikoresho bya farumasi
Abatanga na selile baninic bakoreshwa cyane mu nganda za farumasi nk'abaruta imiti ya farumasi, nk'abarimbyi, abapatanya, kumarana n'abakozi ba firime. Ikoreshwa mu gupfunga rya firime no kuyifata mu buvuzi bwa tablet, kandi irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo kwitegura kwamagambo, gahunda yo gukora igorofa ya farurtike kandi igoye kandi hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gukaraba. Ugereranije nandi manota ya selile ya selile, igipimo cyibicuruzwa byarangiye ni gito, igiciro cyumukora umusaruro ni kinini, kandi agaciro kabicuruzwa ni hejuru.
Kugeza ubu, konte y'abantu ba farumasi yo mu mahanga kuri 10-20% yagaciro kavuzwe k'imyiteguro ya farumasi yose. Kubera ko abakuru b'igihugu cyanjye batangiye gutinda kandi urwego rusange ni konti yo mu gihugu, abaterankunga bo mu rugo kugereranyije ugereranije n'ibiyobyabwenge byose, hafi 2-3%. Abavandimwe ba farumasi bakoreshwa cyane cyane mugutegura ibicuruzwa nko kwitegura imiti, imiti yitato za gishinwa nibicuruzwa bya biokimike. Kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2012, umusaruro wose wa farumasi wari Miliyari 417.816 Miliyari 503.3.315. Ukurikije ibipimo bya farumasi yo mu gihugu cyanjye mu gihugu cya 2% byatanzweho agaciro k'imyiteguro ya farumasi yo mu 2008, Miliyari 10 YUMUMUMWERIWE.
Mugihe c'imyaka itanu, gahunda y'imyaka itanu ", Minisiteri y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga yarimo ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo guteza imbere abatsinze imiti mishya ya farumasi nk'ingingo z'ubushakashatsi. Muri "cumi na kabiri ziterambere ry'umuteguro w'inganda za faruceti" ryatanzwe na Minisiteri y'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibibanza bishya bya farumasi no guteza imbere urufunguzo rw'inganda za farumasi. Dukurikije intego yikigereranyo cyo gukura kumwaka cya 20% mugutanga umusaruro wose muri gahunda yimari ya farumasi izakura vuba mugihe kizaza, kandi icyarimwe, ku buryo bw'isoko, kandi icyarimwe, Ikoranabuhanga ry'imiti ya farumasi.
(4)Irangi n'izindi nganda
HPMC ikoreshwa nkabakozi bashinzwe film, Thickener, Emulsifier na Stabilizer mumashusho ya latex hamwe nibikoresho byo mu gihugu, kandi bihumura amabara menshi, kandi bihuje amakoti yigihugu cyanjye yari toni miliyoni 4.510, 9.139 Toni, toni 10.5381, toni 10,8309, miliyoni 14.0728 miliyoni 14,8728 na toni miliyoni 13,3898. Nubwo yagize ingaruka ku mabwiriza y'imitungo itimukanwa, gukura kw'igihugu cyanjye cy'igihugu cyanjye cyabaye mu 2011, ariko inganda z'ubusabane zizasimbura inyongeramu z'ibidukikije, zizasimbuza inyongeramu ari zongesho zabanjirije ibidukikije nka selile.
Ubudodo bwa Cellulose ni iy'inganda zigabanijwe kandi zidafite imibare yemewe, bikagora kuyobora isesengura ritaziguye. Ariko, kubera gushyira mu bikorwa kandi bifite akamaro mu buryo bukoreshwa, inganda nyamukuru zituruka, perroleum, ubuvuzi n'izindi nganda zingenzi z'ubukungu bw'igihugu, kandi ibisabwa ni binini kandi bikura. Kubwibyo, birashobora gucirwa urubanza ko ether ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri selile bifite isoko ryinshi ryingufu no gukura. Byongeye kandi, kubaka imijyi, mu kubaka imijyi n'ibikorwa remezo n'amavuta mpuzamahanga y'ibihugu by'amavuta y'ibihugu by'amahanga byatanze umwanya mpuzamahanga w'amasoko ku nganda z'ubugari bw'igihugu cyanjye.
Kohereza Igihe: APR-24-2023