Nibihe bintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mu musaruro wa hemc?

HEMC (HydroxyEthyy Methyl Methyl Methyl Methyl Methse ikomeye Ether Corceative ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ibiryo nibindi bice. Mubikorwa byayo byo gutanga umusaruro, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma kugirango ubone ubwiza bwibicuruzwa hamwe nubushobozi bwumusaruro.

1. Guhitamo no gutegura ibikoresho fatizo

1.1 Ubugari
Ibikoresho nyamukuru bya HEMC ni selile karemano, mubisanzwe biva mubiti cyangwa ipamba. Ibikoresho byiza cyane bya selile byerekana ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kubwibyo, ubuziranenge, uburemere bwa moleki ninkomoko yibikoresho fatizo ni ngombwa.
Isuku: Ubucucike bukabije bugomba gutoranywa kugirango ugabanye ingaruka zibangamira ibicuruzwa.
Uburemere bwa molekile: Uburemere bwibiro bitandukanye bya molekabyo bizagira ingaruka kubikesha no gusaba phimc.
Inkomoko: Inkomoko ya selile (nk'ibiti by'ibiti, ipamba) bigena imiterere n'uburinganire bwa seligi.

1.2 Amashanyarazi ya sodium (naoh)
Sodium hydroxide ikoreshwa muguhaguru kwa selile. Igomba kugira isuku yo hejuru no kwibandaho bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango birebire kandi imikorere yimyitwarire.

1.3 oxide oxide
Ubwiza no kwitomeranya na ofide oflene igira ingaruka muburyo bwa ethoxy. Kugenzura imiterere yubuziranenge nubusabane bifasha kubona urwego rwifuzwa rwo gusimbuza no gukora ibicuruzwa.

1.4 methyl chloride
Ubwicanyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora hemc. Imiterere yubuziranenge hamwe na reaction ya methyl chloride ifite ingaruka zitaziguye kurwego rwigicucu.

2. Ibipimo byumusaruro

2.1 Guvura alkalisation
Kuvura alkalisation ya selile yita kuri selile hamwe na sodium hakurya ya sodium kugirango amatsinda ya hydroxyl kugirango akore inzira ya selile ya selile, niyihe yoroshye kuri ethoxtion ya ethoxy na metylation.
Ubushyuhe: Mubisanzwe bikorwa ku bushyuhe bwo hasi kugirango birinde kwangirika kwa selire.
Igihe: Igihe cya alkalisation gikeneye kugenzurwa kugirango umenye neza ko reaction ihagije ariko idakabije.

2.2 Ethoxy
Ethoxlation ivuga gusimburwa na selile ya alkalide na Ethylene oxide kugirango itange exckilose yatuje.

Ubushyuhe nigitutu: Ubushyuhe bwimyitwarire nigitutu bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango bibe bumwe bwa ethoxy.
Igihe cyimyitwarire: igihe kirekire cyangwa kigufi cyane mugihe kizahindura urwego rwo gusimbuza no gukora ibicuruzwa.

Ubuziranenge
Ubwiza bwa selile by methyl chloride impapuro zasimbuwe nubusambanyi.
Ibisabwa: harimo ubushyuhe buke, igitutu, igihe cyo kubyitwaramo, nibindi, byose bigomba kungurizwa.
Gukoresha umusemburo: Catalests irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere yigihe gikenewe.

2.4 Kutabogama no gukaraba
Cellulose nyuma yo kubona iby'igisubizo gikeneye gutesha agaciro alkali isigaye kandi yogejwe byuzuye kugirango ikureho ibisubizo bisigaye nibicuruzwa.
Gukaraba bisanzwe: amazi cyangwa ethanol-amazi kuvangwa mubisanzwe.
Gukaraba inshuro nyinshi: bigomba guhinduka nkuko bikenewe kugirango habeho gukuraho ibisigisigi.

2.5 Kuma no guhonyora
Ubugari bwogejwe bugomba gukama no guhonyora ingano ibereye gukoresha nyuma.
Ubushyuhe bwumisha nigihe: bigomba gushyira mu gaciro kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa seliki.
Gujanjagura ingano ya Play: bigomba guhindurwa ukurikije ibisabwa.

3. Igenzura ryiza

3.1 Impamyabumenyi yo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa
Imikorere ya hemc ifitanye isano rya bugufi nurwego rwo gusimbuza (DS) no gusimbuza uburinganire. Ikeneye kuboneka na RULANDECON RESONINE (NMR), ibipimo bya infrared (IR) nizindi ikoranabuhanga.

3.2 Kukenguha
Kudakemukira kuri hemc nicyitegererezo cyingenzi mubikorwa byayo. Ibizamini byo gusenyuka bigomba gukorwa kugirango bikemure ibibazo byo kwikebana nubusa mubidukikije.

3.3 IBYIZA
Viscolity ya hemc igira ingaruka kubikorwa byayo mubicuruzwa byanyuma. Ibyatsi bipimwa bipimwa na vicometer izunguruka cyangwa vipullary vicometer.

3.4 Isuku n'ibisigisigi
Imyitwarire isigaye hamwe numwanda mubicuruzwa bizagira ingaruka ku ngaruka zabyo kandi bigomba kumenyekana neza no kugenzurwa.

4. Gucunga ibidukikije n'umutekano

4.1 Kuvura amazi
Amazi yamazi yakozwe mugihe cyumusaruro agomba kuvurwa kugirango asabwa ibidukikije.
Kubogamiye: Acide na alkaline gutakaza amazi bigomba kutabogama.
Gukuraho kama Gukuramo: Koresha uburyo bwo kuvura ibinyabuzima cyangwa imiti kugirango ufate ibintu kama mumata kumazi.

4.2 Ibyuka bihumanya
Imyuka yabyaye mugihe cya reaction (nka ofide okiside ya ethyne na methyl chloride) igomba gukusanywa no kuvurwa kugirango birinde umwanda.
Umunara wubakurura: imyuka yangiza irafatwa kandi iyobowe no kwinjiza iminara.
Filtration: Koresha uburyo bwo muyungurura neza kugirango ukureho ibice muri gaze.

4.3 Kurinda umutekano
Imiti ishobora guteza akaga ifite uruhare mubyifuzo bya shimi, kandi hagomba gufatwa neza umutekano.
Ibikoresho byo Kurinda: Tanga ibikoresho byo kurinda umuntu (PPE), nka gants, goggles, nibindi

Sisitemu ya Ventilation: Menya neza ko umwuka mwiza wo gukuraho imyuka yangiza.

4.4 Uburyo bwo guhitamo
Mugabanye ibikoreshwa kungufu no guta ibintu bibisi no kunoza imikorere yumusaruro binyuze muburyo bwo guhitamo no kugenzura byikora.

5. Ibintu byubukungu

5.1 Kugenzura amafaranga
Ibikoresho fatizo n'ingufu nisoko nyamukuru yikiguzi. Ibiciro byumusaruro birashobora kugabanuka muguhitamo abatanga isoko ryiza no guhitamo ibiyobyabwenge.

5.2 Isoko
Igipimo cyo gutanga umusaruro hamwe nibicuruzwa bigomba guhindurwa gukurikiza ibyifuzo byisoko kugirango ubone inyungu zubukungu.

5.3 Isesengura ryamarushanwa
Kora isesengura amarushanwa yisoko buri gihe, hindura ibicuruzwa uhagaze hamwe ningamba zitanga umusaruro, no kuzamura isoko ryisoko.

6. Guhanga udushya twikoranabuhanga

6.1 Iterambere Rishya
Guhora biteza imbere no kwemeza inzira nshya kugirango utezimbere ibicuruzwa no gukora neza. Kurugero, guteza imbere katalikisha cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kubona.

6.2 Kunoza ibicuruzwa
Kunoza no kuzamura ibicuruzwa bishingiye kubitekerezo byabakiriya no gusaba isoko, nko guteza imbere demitlees zitandukanye zo gusimbuza nuburemere bwa molekile.

6.3 Igenzura ryikora
Mu gutangiza sisitemu yo kugenzura byikora, igenzura no guhuza ibikorwa byumusaruro birashobora kunozwa kandi amakosa yabantu arashobora kugabanuka.

7. Amabwiriza n'amahame

7.1 Ibipimo ngenderwaho
HEMC yabyaye ibikenewe kugirango yubahirize ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibisabwa n'ibisabwa n'amategeko, nk'amahame y'igihugu, ibipimo by'igihugu, n'ibindi.

7.2 Amabwiriza y'ibidukikije
Inzira yo gukora igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije, agabanya imyuka ihumanya, no kurengera ibidukikije.

7.3 Amabwiriza Yumutekano
Inzira yumusaruro igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yumutekano kugirango umutekano wumutekano no kwiringirwa ibikorwa byuruganda.

Igikorwa cyo gutanga umusaruro wa hemc nigikorwa gikomeye kandi gifite aho gihuriye. Kuva gutoranya ibintu fatizo, gutunganya ibipimo byerekana, kugenzura ubuziranenge, gucunga umutekano wibidukikije mu guhangayico mu ikoranabuhanga, buri sano ni ngombwa. Binyuze mu micungire ishyize mu gaciro no gutera imbere, imikorere yo gukora umusaruro no gutanga umusaruro wa hemc irashobora kunozwa neza kugirango hashingiwe ku isoko.