Nigute iterambere rya selile?

Urubanza rw'inganda:

(1) Inganda zo hejuru

Ibikoresho nyamukuru bisabwa kugirango umusaruro wa selile harimo ipamba yatunganijwe (cyangwa igiti kimwe cya poroglene, soda ya caustic, to heylene okiside, toluene nibindi bikoresho bifasha. Inganda zinjiza inganda za Hestreary zirimo ipamba itunganijwe, imiyoboro yumusaruro wibiti hamwe nibigo bimwe na bimwe bya shimi. Ihindagurika ryibiciro ryibikoresho byibanze byavuzwe haruguru bizagira impamyabumenyi zitandukanye ku giciro cyatanga umusaruro no kugurisha igiciro cya selile.

Igiciro cyo gupamba neza ni hejuru. Gufata urwego rwo kubaka ibikoresho ether nk'urugero, mugihe cyo gutanga raporo, ikiguzi cya parifu yatunganijwe kubaga 31.74%, 28.59% na 26.99% yikiguzi cyo kubaka ibiciro ether. Ihindagurika ryibiciro ryipamba ritunganijwe rizagira ingaruka ku giciro cya selile ether. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byifatizo byo gukora ipamba itunganijwe ni ipamba. Ipamba ya pamba ni kimwe mubicuruzwa mubicuruzwa byumusaruro wa Pantton, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mugukora ipamba, ipamba itunganijwe, nitrocellse nibindi bicuruzwa. Gukoresha agaciro no gukoresha ipamba hamwe nipamba biratandukanye cyane, kandi igiciro cyacyo biragaragara ko kiri munsi yipamba, ariko gifite isano runaka ifite ihindagurika ryipamba. Ihindagurika ryibiciro by'ipamba rigira ingaruka ku giciro cy'ipamba utunganijwe.

Ihindagurika rityaye mu giciro cy'ipamba gitunganijwe kizaba gifite ingaruka zinyuranye zijyanye no kugenzura ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa no ku nyungu z'ibigo muri iyi nganda. Iyo igiciro cyipamba gitunganijwe ni kinini kandi igiciro cyimbaho ​​kidahendutse, kugirango kigabanye ibiciro, kugirango bigerweho nkabasimburana hamwe nimpamba zitunganijwe nkizitizi nke na farumasi. Dukurikije amakuru avuye ku rubuga rwa Biro y'Igihugu, muri 2013, agace k'ipamba y'igihugu cyanjye kari hegitari miliyoni 4.35, kandi ibisohoka by'impande z'igihugu byari toni miliyoni 61. Nk'uko imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry'ubushinwa, muri 2014, ibisohoka byose by'ipamba binonosowe byakozwe mu ngo zitunganya ipamba 332.000, kandi itangwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo ni byinshi.

Ibikoresho nyamukuru byifatizo kugirango umusaruro wibikoresho bya shimi bishushanyije ni ibyuma n'ibishushanyo bya karubone. Igiciro cya karubone n ibishushanyo bya karubone ugereranije ugereranije nigiciro cyimikorere yibikoresho bya shimi. Ihindagurika ryibiciro ryibi bikoresho fatizo bizagira ingaruka runaka ku giciro cyo gukora no kugurisha igiciro cyibikoresho bya shimi.

(2) inganda zamanutse wa selile ether

Nka "monosodium monosodute", ether ether ifite umubare muto wa selile ether kandi ifite porogaramu zitandukanye. Inganda zamanutse zinyanyagiye munzira zose zubuzima mubukungu bwigihugu.

Mubisanzwe, inganda zitumvikana nubwubatsi n'inganda zitimukanwa zizagira ingaruka runaka ku muvuduko wo gukura wo kubaka ibiciro bya selile. Iyo inganda zubwubatsi mu rugo n'inganda zitimukanwa zikura vuba, isaba mu gihugu yo kubaka urwego rwa selile irakura vuba. Iyo igipimo cyo gukura kw'inganda z'abakangurambaga mu gihugu n'inganda zitimukanwa zitinda, umubare wo kwiyongera mu kubaka indwara ya selile mu gihugu no kwihutisha inzira yo kubaho neza mu bigo byabereye muri iyi nganda.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, mu rwego rwo guhagarika isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu no mu nganda zitimukanwa, icyifuzo cyo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ntibyari bihindagurika. Impamvu nyamukuru ni: 1. Ikigereranyo rusange cyinganda zishinzwe kubaka murugo ninganda zitimukanwa ni nini, kandi icyifuzo cyose cyisoko ni kinini; Isoko rikuru ry'abaguzi mu rwego rwo kubaka ibikoresho bya selile irangira buhoro buhoro mu mijyi yateye imbere mu bukungu ndetse n'imijyi ya kabiri ya kabiri kugeza mu turere twa gatatu no mu turere twa gatatu, kuzamuka mu kirere; 2. Umubare wa selile wongeyeho konti kugirango ugabanye igiciro gito cyibikoresho byo kubaka. Amafaranga akoreshwa numukiriya umwe ni muto, kandi abakiriya baratatanye, bikunze gushishikarira gucika intege. Ibisabwa byose mu isoko ryamanutse birahagaze neza; 3. Guhindura igiciro cyisoko nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere isaba guhindura urwego rwibikoresho bya selile. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, igiciro cyo kugurisha cyo kubaka urwego rwa Celilose Ether wagabanutse cyane, cyateje igiciro kinini cyo kugura no guhitamo, gukurura abakiriya benshi, no gukandagira isoko ryibiciro byimigero isanzwe.

Urwego rwo guteza imbere inganda za farumasi no kwiyongera kw'inganda z'imiti bizagira ingaruka ku bisabwa kuri selile ya farurlatique ether. Gutezimbere ibipimo nzima yabantu hamwe ninganda zateye imbere zifasha gutwara isoko kugirango ubone ibiciro bya selile yibiribwa.

Iterambere Icyerekezo cya Cellulose

Kubera itandukaniro ryimiterere mugusaba isoko kuri selile ether, ibigo bifite imbaraga nintege nke birashobora kubana. Urebye uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'isoko, abakora ubugari bw'imbere mu gihugu bagaragaje ingamba zisumba izindi zishingiye ku mbaraga zabo, kandi icyarimwe, bagomba gusobanukirwa kugendera ku isoko neza.

(1) Kugenzura umutekano wibicuruzwa bizakomeza kuba amarushanwa yibanze ya selile ether

Cotherlese Konti ya Ether kuringaniza umubare muto wibiciro byumusaruro wimikorere myinshi yo hasi muriki nganda, ariko bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa. Amatsinda yo hagati yo hagati-yo hejuru agomba kunyura mubushakashatsi bwa formula mbere yo gukoresha ikirango runaka cya selile. Nyuma yo gukora formula ihamye, mubisanzwe ntabwo byoroshye gusimbuza izindi ndabi yibicuruzwa, kandi icyarimwe, ibisabwa byinshi bishyirwa kumutekano mwiza wa selile. Iyi ngingo iragaragara cyane mumirima yo hejuru nkabakora ibintu binini byubaka ibikoresho murugo no mumahanga, abaterankunga ba phirumotives, ibiryo, na PVC. Kugirango utezimbere irushanwa ryibicuruzwa, abakora bagomba kwemeza ko ubuziranenge n'umutekano by'ibice bitandukanye bya selile ba Ether batanga bishobora kugumaho igihe kirekire, kugira ngo hamenyekane ku isoko ryiza.

(2) Kunoza urwego rwikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa nicyerekezo cyiterambere cya Cellulose yo murugo

Hamwe na tekinoroji yo gukura cyane kuri selile ya selile, urwego rwo hejuru rwikoranabuhanga ryo gusaba rifasha kuzamura irushanwa ryuzuye ryibigo no gushiraho umubano uhamye wabakiriya. Amasosiyete azwi cyane ya kalliose mu bihugu byateye imbere cyane cyane afata ingamba zabakiriya zikoresha kandi zitezimbere ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa no korora imirongo itandukanye yo koroshya imikoreshereze y'abakiriya, no guhinga ikoreshwa ry'abakiriya. Amarushanwa ya selime ya selile mubihugu byateye imbere yagiye mubicuruzwa byinjira mumarushanwa murwego rwo gusaba tekinoroji yo gusaba.